Affiliation

This list is based on a response by John Heritage to a thread on affiliation on the languse mailing list.

Most of the older preference literature is about affiliation in a broad sense, see for example:

• Clayman, Steven E. (2002). Sequence and Solidarity. In Edward J. Lawler and Shane R. Thye, (Eds.) Advances in Group Processes: Group Cohesion, Trust and Solidarity. Oxford, Elsevier Science: 229-253.
• Davidson, Judy (1984). Subsequent Versions of Invitations, Offers, Requests, and Proposals Dealing with Potential or Actual Rejection. In J. Maxwell Atkinson and John Heritage, (Eds.) Structures of Social Action. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 102-128.
• Heritage, John (1984). Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology. Cambridge, Polity Press, Chapter 8.
• Lerner, Gene (1996). 'Finding Face' in the Preference Structures of Talk-in-Interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly 59: 303-321.
• Lindström, Anna and Marja-Leena Sorjonen (2014). Affiliation in conversation. In Jack Sidnell and Tanya Stivers, (Eds.) Handbook of Conversation Analysis. New York, Wiley-Blackwell: 350-369.
• Pomerantz, Anita M. (1978). Compliment Responses: Notes on the Co-Operation of Multiple Constraints. In Jim Schenkein, (Ed.) Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction. New York, Academic Press: 79-112.
• Pomerantz, Anita M. (1978). "Attributions of Responsibility: Blamings." Sociology 12: 115-121.
• Pomerantz, Anita M. (1984). Agreeing and Disagreeing with Assessments: Some Features of Preferred/Dispreferred Turn Shapes. In J. Maxwell Atkinson and John Heritage, (Eds.) Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 57-101.
• Pomerantz, Anita M. and John Heritage (2013). Preference. In Jack Sidnell and Tanya Stivers, (Eds.) Handbook of Conversation Analysis. New York, Wiley-Blackwell: 210-228.
• Sacks, Harvey (1987). On the Preferences for Agreement and Contiguity in Sequences in Conversation. In Graham Button and John R. E. Lee, (Eds.) Talk and Social Organisation. Clevedon, England, Multilingual Matters: 54-69.
• Schegloff, Emanuel A. (1988). "Presequences and Indirection: Applying Speech Act Theory to Ordinary Conversation." Journal of Pragmatics 12: 55-62.
• Schegloff, Emanuel A. (1988). "On an Actual Virtual Servo-Mechanism for Guessing Bad News: A Single Case Conjecture." Social Problems 35(4): 442-457.
• Schegloff, Emanuel A. (2007). Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis Volume 1. Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press.
• Stivers, Tanya (2008). "Stance, Alignment and Affiliation During Story Telling: When Nodding Is a Token of Affiliation." Research on Language and Social Interaction 41(1): 31-57.
• Stivers, Tanya, Lorenza Mondada and Jakob Steensig (2011). Knowledge, Morality and Affiliation in Social Interaction. In Tanya Stivers, Lorenza Mondada and Jakob Steensig, (Eds.) The Morality of Knowledge in Conversation. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Insofar as a lot of the basic work on repair is concerned with describing practices for the avoidance of (overt) other correction, then the same holds there:

• Jefferson, Gail (1987). On Exposed and Embedded Correction in Conversation. In Graham Button and John R.E. Lee, (Eds.) Talk and Social Organisation. Clevedon, England, Multilingual Matters Ltd: 86-100.
• Jefferson, Gail (2007). Colligation as a Device for Minimizing Repair or Disagreement. (Unpublished Ms)
• Jefferson, Gail (2007). "Preliminary Notes on Abdicated Other Correction." Journal of Pragmatics 39: 445-461.
• Schegloff, Emanuel A., Gail Jefferson and Harvey Sacks (1977). "The Preference for Self-Correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation." Language 53: 361-382.

Sacks' paper is an astoundingly perceptive foundation for the whole literature (the publication came 14 years after Sacks delivered the paper). Stivers underscores a valuable distinction between affiliation and alignment in conversational actions. Schegloff (1988) distinguished between 'structure-based' and 'practice-based' preference. In general, Schegloff and Pomerantz diverge somewhat in their views of the factors underlying preference organization: As a gloss bordering on a caricature, Schegloff's more structural approach focuses more on the ways in which dispreferred actions block the implementation of sequences and their outcomes, while Pomerantz's more 'practice-oriented' approach focuses more on the social relational consequences of disagreements, refusals etc. and of the details of their designs. These are differences of emphasis: there is solid evidence for both positions, and the positions are not incompatible with one another.

Of course, in the end almost everything in conversation is somewhat connected with affiliation, but not exclusively that!

Bibliography database entries for Affiliation

As the bibliography database grows, we will be able to add all the above papers to it, and have them appear (with their newer papers) automatically, for the moment - this is what we've got in the database on affiliation.