Difference between revisions of "Turn-initial position"

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{{Infobox cite
 
{{Infobox cite
 
| Authors = '''Aino Koivisto''' (University of Helsinki, Finland) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-5953)
 
| Authors = '''Aino Koivisto''' (University of Helsinki, Finland) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-5953)
| To cite =  Koivisto, Aino. (2023). Turn-initial position. In Alexandra Gubina, Elliott M. Hoey & Chase Wesley Raymond (Eds.), ''Encyclopedia of Terminology for Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics''. International Society for Conversation Analysis (ISCA). DOI: [https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/8cs5r 10.31235/osf.io/8cs5r]
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| To cite =  Koivisto, Aino. (2023). Turn-initial position. In Alexandra Gubina, Elliott M. Hoey & Chase Wesley Raymond (Eds.), ''Encyclopedia of Terminology for Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics''. International Society for Conversation Analysis (ISCA). DOI: [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QBGM7 10.17605/OSF.IO/QBGM7]
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
Elements in '''turn-initial position''' have been broadly defined as ”any token or formulaic phrase that begins and prefaces a turn (and thus a '''[[Turn-Constructional_Unit_(TCU)|TCU]]''')” (Kim & Kuroshima 2013: 269). On a general level, elements in turn-initial position project the type and shape of the upcoming turn, and show how the turn relates to the previous talk (Heritage & Sorjonen 2018b; Kim & Kuroshima 2013; Schegloff 1987, 1996: 81–82). However, a distinction can be made between elements that begin a TCU (i.e. TCU constituents that project the turn type such as a ''wh''-word for a question) and those beginning a turn (i.e. pre-beginning elements that only project the onset of a turn) (Kim & Kuroshima 2013; Schegloff 1996). Most of the research focuses on the latter. The studied elements include audible preparations for speech (Schegloff 1996), management of gestural, postural and gaze orientation (e.g. Deppermann 2013; Goodwin 1980, 2000; Keisanen & Rauniomaa 2012; Mondada 2007, 2009; Streeck 2009; Streeck & Hartge 1992), and syntactically non-integrated linguistic objects such as turn-initial particles (see Heritage 2013 for an overview).  
 
Elements in '''turn-initial position''' have been broadly defined as ”any token or formulaic phrase that begins and prefaces a turn (and thus a '''[[Turn-Constructional_Unit_(TCU)|TCU]]''')” (Kim & Kuroshima 2013: 269). On a general level, elements in turn-initial position project the type and shape of the upcoming turn, and show how the turn relates to the previous talk (Heritage & Sorjonen 2018b; Kim & Kuroshima 2013; Schegloff 1987, 1996: 81–82). However, a distinction can be made between elements that begin a TCU (i.e. TCU constituents that project the turn type such as a ''wh''-word for a question) and those beginning a turn (i.e. pre-beginning elements that only project the onset of a turn) (Kim & Kuroshima 2013; Schegloff 1996). Most of the research focuses on the latter. The studied elements include audible preparations for speech (Schegloff 1996), management of gestural, postural and gaze orientation (e.g. Deppermann 2013; Goodwin 1980, 2000; Keisanen & Rauniomaa 2012; Mondada 2007, 2009; Streeck 2009; Streeck & Hartge 1992), and syntactically non-integrated linguistic objects such as turn-initial particles (see Heritage 2013 for an overview).  
  
In terms of action projection, turn-beginning can project what has been called ‘unmarked nextness’ in which the current speaker continues a sequence in a way that aligns with the expectations set by the previous turn (e.g., ‘Are you going to the movies’ -> ‘Yes’) or, alternatively, they can index some kind of departure from that expectation (e.g., ‘Are you going to the movies’ -> ‘Well I wasn’t planning to...’) (Heritage 2013). Turn-initial particles – such as English ''well'' (Heritage 2015) – are a key resource for indicating such departures (see chapters by Bolden 2018, Heritage 2018, Kim 2018, Mushin 2018, and Raymond 2018 in Heritage & Sorjonen 2018a).
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In terms of action projection, turn-beginning can project what has been called ‘unmarked nextness’ in which the current speaker continues a sequence in a way that aligns with the expectations set by the previous turn (e.g., ‘Are you going to the movies’ ‘Yes’) or, alternatively, they can index some kind of departure from that expectation (e.g., ‘Are you going to the movies’ ‘Well I wasn’t planning to...’) (Heritage 2013). Turn-initial particles – such as English ''well'' (Heritage 2015) – are a key resource for indicating such departures (see chapters by Bolden 2018, Heritage 2018, Kim 2018, Mushin 2018, and Raymond 2018 in Heritage & Sorjonen 2018a).
  
  
 
'''Additional Related Entries:'''
 
'''Additional Related Entries:'''
  
 +
* '''[[Discourse_marker|Discourse marker]]'''
 
* '''[[Multi-unit turn]]'''
 
* '''[[Multi-unit turn]]'''
 
* '''[[Preface]]'''
 
* '''[[Preface]]'''
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'''Cited References:'''
 
'''Cited References:'''
  
Bolden, G. B. (2018). ''Nu''-prefaced responses in Russian conversation. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), '''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages''' (pp. 23-58). John Benjamins.
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Bolden, G. B. (2018). ''Nu''-prefaced responses in Russian conversation. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), ''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages'' (pp. 23-58). John Benjamins.
  
 
Deppermann, A. (2013). Turn-design at turn-beginnings: Multimodal resources to deal with tasks of turn-construction in German. ''Journal of Pragmatics'' 46, 91–121.  
 
Deppermann, A. (2013). Turn-design at turn-beginnings: Multimodal resources to deal with tasks of turn-construction in German. ''Journal of Pragmatics'' 46, 91–121.  
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Heritage, J. (2015). ''Well''-prefaced turns in English conversation: A conversation analytic perspective. ''Journal of Pragmatics'', 88, 88–104.
 
Heritage, J. (2015). ''Well''-prefaced turns in English conversation: A conversation analytic perspective. ''Journal of Pragmatics'', 88, 88–104.
  
Heritage, J. (2018). Turn-initial particles in English: The cases of ''oh'' and ''well''. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), '''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages''' (pp. 155-190). John Benjamins.
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Heritage, J. (2018). Turn-initial particles in English: The cases of ''oh'' and ''well''. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), ''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages'' (pp. 155-190). John Benjamins.
  
 
Heritage, J. & Sorjonen, M.-L. (2018a). ''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages''. John Benjamins.
 
Heritage, J. & Sorjonen, M.-L. (2018a). ''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages''. John Benjamins.
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Mushin, I. (2018). Diverging from 'business as usual': Turn-initial ''gala'' in Garrwa. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), ''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages'' (pp. 119-154). John Benjamins.
 
Mushin, I. (2018). Diverging from 'business as usual': Turn-initial ''gala'' in Garrwa. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), ''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages'' (pp. 119-154). John Benjamins.
  
Raymond, C. W. (2018). ''Bueno-, Pues-'', and ''Bueno-Pues''-Prefacing in Spanish Conversation. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), '''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages''' (pp. 59–96). John Benjamins.
+
Raymond, C. W. (2018). ''Bueno-, Pues-'', and ''Bueno-Pues''-Prefacing in Spanish Conversation. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), ''Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages'' (pp. 59–96). John Benjamins.
  
 
Schegloff, E. A. (1987). Recycled turn beginnings: A precise repair mechanism in conversation’s turn-taking organization. In G. Button & J. R. E. Lee (Eds.), ''Talk and Social Organization'' (pp. 70–85). Multilingual Matters.  
 
Schegloff, E. A. (1987). Recycled turn beginnings: A precise repair mechanism in conversation’s turn-taking organization. In G. Button & J. R. E. Lee (Eds.), ''Talk and Social Organization'' (pp. 70–85). Multilingual Matters.  

Latest revision as of 19:58, 22 December 2023

Encyclopedia of Terminology for CA and IL: Turn-initial position
Author(s): Aino Koivisto (University of Helsinki, Finland) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-5953)
To cite: Koivisto, Aino. (2023). Turn-initial position. In Alexandra Gubina, Elliott M. Hoey & Chase Wesley Raymond (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Terminology for Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics. International Society for Conversation Analysis (ISCA). DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/QBGM7


Elements in turn-initial position have been broadly defined as ”any token or formulaic phrase that begins and prefaces a turn (and thus a TCU)” (Kim & Kuroshima 2013: 269). On a general level, elements in turn-initial position project the type and shape of the upcoming turn, and show how the turn relates to the previous talk (Heritage & Sorjonen 2018b; Kim & Kuroshima 2013; Schegloff 1987, 1996: 81–82). However, a distinction can be made between elements that begin a TCU (i.e. TCU constituents that project the turn type such as a wh-word for a question) and those beginning a turn (i.e. pre-beginning elements that only project the onset of a turn) (Kim & Kuroshima 2013; Schegloff 1996). Most of the research focuses on the latter. The studied elements include audible preparations for speech (Schegloff 1996), management of gestural, postural and gaze orientation (e.g. Deppermann 2013; Goodwin 1980, 2000; Keisanen & Rauniomaa 2012; Mondada 2007, 2009; Streeck 2009; Streeck & Hartge 1992), and syntactically non-integrated linguistic objects such as turn-initial particles (see Heritage 2013 for an overview).

In terms of action projection, turn-beginning can project what has been called ‘unmarked nextness’ in which the current speaker continues a sequence in a way that aligns with the expectations set by the previous turn (e.g., ‘Are you going to the movies’ → ‘Yes’) or, alternatively, they can index some kind of departure from that expectation (e.g., ‘Are you going to the movies’ → ‘Well I wasn’t planning to...’) (Heritage 2013). Turn-initial particles – such as English well (Heritage 2015) – are a key resource for indicating such departures (see chapters by Bolden 2018, Heritage 2018, Kim 2018, Mushin 2018, and Raymond 2018 in Heritage & Sorjonen 2018a).


Additional Related Entries:


Cited References:

Bolden, G. B. (2018). Nu-prefaced responses in Russian conversation. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages (pp. 23-58). John Benjamins.

Deppermann, A. (2013). Turn-design at turn-beginnings: Multimodal resources to deal with tasks of turn-construction in German. Journal of Pragmatics 46, 91–121.

Goodwin, C. (1980). Restarts, pauses, and the achievement of mutual gaze at turn-beginning. Sociological Inquiry, 50, 272–302.

Goodwin, C. (2000). Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1489–1522.

Heritage, J. (2013). Turn-initial position and some of its occupants. Journal of Pragmatics 57, 331–337.

Heritage, J. (2015). Well-prefaced turns in English conversation: A conversation analytic perspective. Journal of Pragmatics, 88, 88–104.

Heritage, J. (2018). Turn-initial particles in English: The cases of oh and well. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages (pp. 155-190). John Benjamins.

Heritage, J. & Sorjonen, M.-L. (2018a). Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages. John Benjamins.

Heritage, J. & Sorjonen, M.-L. (2018b). Introduction. Analyzing turn-initial particles. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages (pp. 1-22). John Benjamins.

Keisanen, T. & Rauniomaa, M. (2012). The organization of participation and contingency in pre-beginnings of requests sequences. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45 (4), 323–351.

Kim, S. (2018). Two types of trouble with questions: A comparative perspective on turn-initial particles in Korean. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages (pp. 97-118). John Benjamins.

Kim, S. & Kuroshima, S. (2013). Turn-beginnings in interaction: An introduction. Journal of Pragmatics, 57, 267–273.

Mondada, L. (2007). Multimodal resources for turn-taking: pointing and the emergence of possible next speakers. Discourse Studies, 9, 194–225.

Mondada, L. (2009). Emergent focused interactions in public places: A systematic analysis of the multimodal achievement of a common interactional space. Journal of Pragmatics, 41, 1977–1997.

Mushin, I. (2018). Diverging from 'business as usual': Turn-initial gala in Garrwa. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages (pp. 119-154). John Benjamins.

Raymond, C. W. (2018). Bueno-, Pues-, and Bueno-Pues-Prefacing in Spanish Conversation. In J. Heritage & M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages (pp. 59–96). John Benjamins.

Schegloff, E. A. (1987). Recycled turn beginnings: A precise repair mechanism in conversation’s turn-taking organization. In G. Button & J. R. E. Lee (Eds.), Talk and Social Organization (pp. 70–85). Multilingual Matters.

Schegloff, E. A. (1996). Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction and Grammar (pp. 52-133). Cambridge University Press.

Streeck, J., (2009). Forward-gesturing. Discourse Processes, 46, 161–179.

Streeck, J., & Hartge, U. (1992). Previews: gestures at the transition place. In P. Auer & A. di Luzio (Eds.), The Contextualization of Language (pp. 135–157). John Benjamins.


Additional References:


EMCA Wiki Bibliography items tagged with 'turn-initial'